Similarly, stronger expression of p53 and COX-2 was detected in 12 (71%) and 11 (65%) cases of squamous cell carcinoma compared to 2 (8%) and 2 (8%) cases of keratoacanthoma respectively.
In contrast, GPR109A activation in keratinocytes induces flushing by activation of Cox-2-dependent inflammatory signaling, and the receptor expression is upregulated in human epidermoid carcinoma.
The megameric conjugate with nimesulide was tested in vitro on three human cell lines: squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-15) and glioblastoma (U-118 MG) overexpressing cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and normal skin fibroblasts (BJ).
Increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck and inhibition of proliferation by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Because human papillomavirus (HPV) has been linked to the development of penile SCC, a secondary objective was to determine whether COX-2 was overexpressed in SCC arising in an HPV16 transgenic mouse.
Marked COX-2 expression was shown in SCC and esophageal squamous dysplasia, and no marked COX-2 expression was observed in the normal squamous epithelium, respectively.
Enhanced prostaglandin production via upregulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is a likely contributing factor in ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), which consists primarily of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC).
After stratification by disease stage or histologic subtype, the prognostic significance of high total COX-2 mRNA expression was still apparent in both stage I and stage II-IV and in both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma (p < or = 0.01 for all).
COX-2 expression was upregulated during oesophageal squamous carcinogenesis in HNC patients, that is COX-2 expression increased significantly from normal oesophageal squamous epithelium to low- and high-grade dysplasia and finally to invasive squamous cell cancer (P<0.001).
Expression of the Cox-2 protein was also seen in all 11 squamous cell carcinomas studied, although the level of staining seemed to be less than that in the adenocarcinomas.
Increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck and inhibition of proliferation by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Elevated cox-2 expression was not associated with clinical-pathological features of esophageal squamous carcinoma, including age, gender, tumor size, histological grade, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage.
The results indicated that cox-2 may be involved in an early stage of squamous carcinogenesis of the esophagus, and that cox-2 overexpression was related to cell proliferation in esophageal squamous dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma.
Essential role of c-Jun induction and coactivator p300 in epidermal growth factor-induced gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells.